Marcus Mosiah Garvey jr. urged for this separation because he wanted to unite all Africans in a country that they would govern on their own. This is what he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) for.
The first HBCUs were founded in Pennsylvania and Ohio before the American Civil War (1861–65) with the purpose of providing black youths—who were largely prevented, due to racial discrimination, from attending established colleges and universities—with a basic education and training to become teachers or tradesmen
