After the World War 2, the economy of the country was growing because of the Industrial Revolution. Borrowers were confident that they could pay their debts and banks allowed big loans. During the 1970's, it was the time of the Great Depression. There were a lot of people who needed money but hundreds of banks closed and it was difficult to find a stable and good paying job that would allow the banks to approve big loans.
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What is a transformation?
The first book about transformations is the well-known work "Metamorphosis" by Ovidio. The transformation implies a change. In literature, you can find a transformation when an object passes from a state A to a state B. For example, in a horror story a person can go from being the friend of the protagonist to being possessed.
The transformation in the horror stories is unexpected. The surprise factor is essential in this cases. The horror stories present the circumstances in such way so as later can be different.