In biology, the biotic factors pertain to the living components of Earth while the abiotic factors are those non-living chemicals and physical factors. The only choice that is not an interaction between biotic and abiotic factors is the third choice, "C. male elk fighting over a female".
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The integumentary system is similar to a cell membrane in that both structures create a protective barrier against the outside world. How is a nerve cell specialized? Neurons have specialize cell parts called dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.
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The phase of the skin regeneration which includes migrating epithelial cells beneath the scab, the dissolving of the clot, and reduced phagocytic activity is Proliferation. A proliferation is the production or growth of cells by multiplying the parts and proliferation is also the rapid increase of the cells.
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<h3>The continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the environment. Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere by plants and algae and converted to carbohydrates by photosynthesis. ... The carbon cycle is thought to be the source of significant amounts of energy in the Sun and other stars</h3>