Answer:
The correct answer is b) "All of the above".
Explanation:
Nowadays it is known that the lipid bilayer of the cells is not static, actually, the modern Fluid-Mosaic membrane model establishes that the lipids move constantly within the lipid bilayer. The lipids are able to rotate within its axis, the lipids are able to movement laterally moving from one site to the other within the same plane, and also can move from a plane to the other plane in what is known as transverse "flip flop" movement.
Answer:
Explanation:
Long-term Self-Renewal: Stem cells are capable of division while remaining unspecialized.
Differentiation
: Stem cells can divide asymmetrically, where one stem cell divides into two cells that have different cellular fates.
Induced Pluripotency
: Stem cells that have been artificially created from specialized cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells.
Considerations
: Due to their unspecialized nature, stem cells have a large research potential. The most pluripotent stem cells derive from the human embryo.
Answer:The Food Chain: The answer has to do with trophic levels. As you probably know, the organisms at the base of the food chain are photosynthetic; plants on land and phytoplankton (algae) in the oceans. These organisms are called the producers, and they get their energy directly from sunlight and inorganic nutrients. The organisms that eat the producers are the primary consumers. They tend to be small in size and there are many of them. The primary consumers are herbivores (vegetarians). The organisms that eat the primary consumers are meat eaters (carnivores) and are called the secondary consumers. The secondary consumers tend to be larger and fewer in number. This continues on, all the way up to the top of the food chain. About 50% of the energy (possibly as much as 90%) in food is lost at each trophic level when an organism is eaten, so it is less efficient to be a higher order consumer than a primary consumer. Therefore, the energy transfer from one trophic level to the next, up the food chain, is like a pyramid; wider at the base and narrower at the top. Because of this inefficiency, there is only enough food for a few top level consumers, but there is lots of food for herbivores lower down on the food chain. There are fewer consumers than producers.
Land and aquatic energy pyramids
Trophic Level Desert Biome Grassland Biome Pond Biome Ocean Biome
Producer (Photosynthetic) Cactus Grass Algae Phytoplankton
Primary Consumer (Herbivore) Butterfly Grasshopper Insect Larva Zooplankton
Secondary Consumer (Carnivore) Lizard Mouse Minnow Fish
Tertiary Consumer (Carnivore) Snake Snake Frog Seal
Quaternary Consumer (Carnivore) Roadrunner Hawk Raccoon Shark
Food Web: At each trophic level, there may be many more species than indicated in the table above. Food webs can be very complex. Food availability may vary seasonally or by time of day. An organism like a mouse might play two roles, eating insects on occasion (making it a secondary consumer), but also dining directly on plants (making it a primary consumer). A food web of who eats who in the southwest American desert biome might look something like this:
Explanation:
The compound eye and eye is built differently from the vertebrate eye
RNA splicing was first discovered in 1970s in viruses and subsequently in eukaryotes. Not long after, scientists discovered alternative patterns of pre-mRNA splicing that produced different mature mRNAs containing various combinations of exons from a single precursor mRNA. The first example of alternative splicing of a cellular gene in eukaryotes was identified in the IgM gene, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Alternative splicing (AS) therefore is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene. This mechanism increases the informational diversity and functional capacity of a gene during post-transcriptional processing and provides an opportunity for gene regulation
