Plasmids, they are mostly found in bacterial cells and they r the cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteries :)
The level of protein X in these patients will be low due to degradation in the proteasome. Ubiquitnation process occur when ubiquitin is attached to a particular protein and the protein become deactivated. Ubiquitin is a small biochemical molecule which marks out proteins for destruction. Any protein that have ubiquitin attached to it will be transported to the proteasome for destruction by degradation.
B. Embryos are being collected by the student on the field trip.
