The absolute value function negates its argument when its argument is negative. The expression 3x+12 will be negative when ...
3x +12 < 0
x +4 < 0
x < -4 . . . . . makes the absolute value function change its argument's sign
Using this fact, we can divide the domain into intervals below -4, at -4, and above -4. The above answer shows the function value in each domain interval.