Answer:
John Wycliffe
Explanation:
John Wycliffe was a British theologian, translator, and protestant reformer of the 14th century. He was one of the great Christian reform leaders previous to the Protestant reform -of which he was one of the spiritual fathers- that succeeded with Martin Luther during the 16th century. He was also the first person in translating the Bible from Latin to English, which he did in 1382. He considered that every person should read and interpret the scriptures individually and that there was no need for ecclesial intercession between the believer and God. This belief was considered heretic by the Catholic Church, and therefore his writings were forbidden.
The correct answer is "a secular ruler claimed the right to appoint bishops."
The Concordat of Worms resolved the disagreement over lay investiture, which was when a secular ruler claimed the right to appoint bishops.
What King Henry V did was to hold an assembly in Worms, Germany, and issued the Edict of Worms. After some negotiations, the king reached an agreement with Pope Calixtus II to end the conflicts regarding the investiture of the popes. The king accepted to allow free elections so bishops could choose the pope without the intervention of the Holy Roman emperor.
