Answer: <u>Skinner</u>'s theory of <u>operant</u> conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a system that attempts to influence the strength of a behaviour by giving punishments or rewards. It was developed by B. F. Skinner in his 1938 book: <em>"The Behaviour of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis."</em>
The system can be divided in reinforcement, which is directed towards increasing the behaviour, or punishment, which tries to reduce it.
Both reinforcement and punishment can further be divided into positive (adding a stimulus) or negative (removing a stimulus).
Answer:
The important methods of representing relief features are hachures, contours, form lines, spot heights, bench marks, trigonometrical points, hill shading, layer-colouring, and so on. Each method has its own merits and demerits in depicting the relief of the land. Hachures are small lines drawn to represent slopes.
Answer:
Depression with onset in preadolescence
Explanation:
Depression with onset in preadolescence is commonly called a teenage depression. If we see medically the adolescence is not different from adult depression. Only the symptoms can be different in both ages just because of their environmental changes. The symptoms could be included as
- Peer pressure
- The sports
- The bodily changes because of hormones
- The development of the body
In this category of depression, the adolescent will suffer from severe anxiety, stress, and depression that disturb their daily routine life such as work-life, school life, family life, life with friends, etc.
These two researcher obligations, wherein the researchers make sure that the participants are told about the true nature of the study before they leave and they must make sure that the participants do not feel bad about their behavior, are referred to as debriefing and protection from harm.
