The answer is B. It doesn't open any new thoughts. It's not supposed to. It also cannot stand alone. And has to have an independent clause at the end.
Answer:
<u><em>Art influences society by changing opinions, instilling values and translating experiences across space and time. Research has shown art affects the fundamental sense of self. Painting, sculpture, music, literature and the other arts are often considered to be the repository of a society's collective memory. </em></u>
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