Answer:
b. Basement membrane
Explanation:
Together, the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes that completely surround the capillaries form a permeable barrier called filtration membrane or endothelial capsular membrane. This sandwich arrangement allows filtration of water and small solutes, but prevents filtration. of most plasma proteins, blood cells and platelets. The filtered substances move from the bloodstream through three barriers: a gIomerular endothelial cell, the basal lamina and a filtration slot formed by a podocyte.
1 The endothelial cells of the gIoméruIo are quite permeable because they have large perforations (pores) of 70 to 100 nm (0.07 to 0.1 ml) in diameter. These dimensions allow all solutes of the blood plasma to leave the gIomerular capillaries, but prevents blood cells and platelets from leaking. The mesangial cells, contractile cells that help regulate gIomerular filtration are located in the middle of the gomeromer capillaries and the groove formed between the afferent and efferent arterioles.
2 The <u>basement membrane</u> is a layer of acellular material between the endothelium and podocytes, which consists of fibruses in a gIucoprotein matrix; prevents filtration of large plasma proteins.
3 From each podocito thousands of extensions in the form of feet called pedicels that surround the glomerular capillaries extend. The spaces between the pedicels are called filtration cracks. A thin membrane, the crack membrane, extends through each filtration crack and allows the passage of molecules with a diameter smaller than 6 to 7 nm (0.006 to 0.OO7 mm), including water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids , very small plasma proteins, ammonia, urea and ions. Since the most abundant plasma protein, <u>albumin</u>, has a diameter of 7.1 mm, less than 1% of it crosses the membrane of the crack.
Answer:
NO
Explanation:
the pigs will never be able to fly as the birds have:
wings – these enable the force of lift.
lightweight, smooth feathers – this reduces the forces of weight and drag
streamlined body – this helps reduce the force of drag (a shape that lowers the friction drag)
light bones – a bird’s bones are basically hollow with air sacs and thin, tiny cross pieces to make bones stronger – this reduces the force of weight
Meanwhile the pig is obviously heavier, having a stronger force of gravity, and does not have the same type of "lightweight" bones that the birds have.
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