Answer: in Portugal (1820) it was so-called "Liberal Revolution" (Revolucao Liberal), in Spain (1812 and then so-called "Liberal Three Years, 1820-1823), in Argentina (1810) so-called "May Revolution" which led to proclamation of independence (1816), in Brazil (1822), in France (1789)
Explanation:
1. Portuguese royal family left Portugal for Brazil (1807) because of appoaching Napoleonian forces (general Junot). Then Portugal became British protectorate (lord Beresford). In 1820 Revolution took place not only to give constitution to the country and to limit absolute powers of king, but also to end British protectorate and bring heir apparent back (John VI). John VI got back and signed the constitution (1824).
2. in Spain 1812, first draft of constitution was made (city of Cadiz). It is where tradition of Spanish liberalism started. At that time Spain was occupied by Napoleonian France and defeated in 1813. In 1814 (Congress of Vienna) Bourbon dynasty was restored (Fernando VII). Liberals (constitutionalists) managed to impose constitution in 1820 but this period lasted only till 1823. Then absolutism was restored again.
3. In Argentina in 1810 "May Revolution" took place (inspired by ideals of French revolution) which led later to independence of Argentina (defeat of Spanish royalists) in 1816.
4. In Brazil, separation from Portugal was quite peaceful (1822) because took place within royal family. Royal heir apparent (Pedro, son of John VI) reject to return to Portugal which created quite a tension between Lisbon and Rio. Later on, he proclaimed independence (September, 7, 1822).
5. in France revolution took place in 1789. In fact it was a consequence of irresponsible economics of French royal court (Bourbons). To impose higher taxes the king Louis XVI had to call for General States. But the authority of king, and all the monarchic state became quite fragile. Revolution started already at General States when the Third State decided to form "National Assembly".
Answer:
The state of nature is a "war of all against all," in which human beings constantly seek to destroy each other in an incessant pursuit for power. Life in the state of nature is "nasty, brutish and short."
Explanation:
Answer:
Previous Sultans had taken most of the Empire in previous centuries. ... The 1453 conquest of Constantinople is an important turning point in global history because it (1) ushered in Pax Romana (2) began the Middle Ages (3) contributed to the rise of the Ottoman Empire (4) signified the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Explanation:
The spread of Greek culture throughout most of the ancient world
Although Alexander the Great's kingdom did not last for long, his influence did. This is because the Greek were able to spread their culture throughout Europe and Asia. The Greek culture mixed with other civilization to for the Hellenistic culture that spread around Europe
In Brown vs Board of Education the Supreme Court that segregation in schools was NOT constitutional. This is important because it marked the end of the “separate but equal” idea that lasted for nearly a century.
