This isn't necessarily true, so I would have to disagree.
Although there are certainly instances of people bending the rules in order to become successful, I believe that most of them are where they are due to their talent and perhaps luck. Most of them didn't have to bend the rules - they earned their way to the top by trying hard and being bold.
Answer: The authon most likely added that to the paragraph to give details about racism and or how it was for blacks to attend school when racism was a key probelm.
Explanation:
An argument does not have to controversial: it just refers to someone taking a stand, arguing for or against something. It does not have to be in opposition to other people's ideas either.
So now we have two options left:
writing that takes a specific perspective
and
<span>writing to explain a writers ideas on a topic
I find both of them not perfect: I would rather say that an argument is a claim, or a statement, that needs to be supported. But from the two I think the better one is </span><span>writing to explain a writers ideas on a topic (this is the best answer I think) since a perspective can mean a "point of view" and this not what an argument is.</span>
