Germany lost World War I. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the victorious powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and other allied states) imposed punitive territorial, military, and economic provisions on defeated Germany. In the west, Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France.
A method called statistics
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The poverty threshold, also known as the poverty limit, the poverty line, or the breadline, is the lowest level of income considered sufficient in a certain society. The poverty line is generally determined by adding up the entire cost of all basic resources consumed by an average human adult over the course of a year.
Military leader with the real power in Japanese government (instead of the Emperor). This system was established by Minamoto Yoritomo as part of the Bakufu. Military style government set up by Yoritomo Minamoto in which the Shogun, a military leader, is in charge of the government.