As segregation tightened and racial oppression escalated across the United States, some leaders of the African American community, often called the talented tenth, began to reject Booker T. Washington’s conciliatory approach. W. E. B. Du Bois and other black leaders channeled their activism by founding the Niagara Movement in 1905. Later, they joined white reformers in 1909 to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Early in its fight for equality, the NAACP used the federal courts to challenge disenfranchisement and residential segregation. Job opportunities were the primary focus of the National Urban League, which was established in 1910.
During the Great Migration (1910–1920), African Americans by the thousands poured into industrial cities to find work and later to fill labor shortages created by World War I. Though they continued to face exclusion and discrimination in employment, as well as some segregation in schools and public accommodations, Northern black men faced fewer barriers to voting. As their numbers increased, their vote emerged as a crucial factor in elections. The war and migration bolstered a heightened self-confidence in African Americans that manifested in the New Negro Movement of the 1920s. Evoking the “New Negro,” the NAACP lobbied aggressively for a federal anti-lynching law.
In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal provided more federal support to African Americans than at any time since Reconstruction. Even so, New Deal legislation and policies continued to allow considerable discrimination. During the mid-thirties the NAACP launched a legal campaign against de jure (according to law) segregation, focusing on inequalities in public education. By 1936, the majority of black voters had abandoned their historic allegiance to the Republican Party and joined with labor unions, farmers, progressives, and ethnic minorities in assuring President Roosevelt’s landslide re-election. The election played a significant role in shifting the balance of power in the Democratic Party from its Southern bloc of white conservatives towards this new coalition
The organizational structure is dominated by the institutional norms imposed by the state and the professionals. The attempt to achieve rationality in the midst of the restriction of these new governmental structures and professionals, lead to the formation of a homogeneous structure, or institutional isomorphism. Isomorphism forces a group of workers to compete with other equal groups, and in very similar codes. Since companies and organizations always compete, this only generates a struggle between equals, and foments conformism since all groups must be equal and are not free to innovate or to leave that struggle, to look for new markets or ways to be efficient.
For example, if a car company creates a type of car, and other similar companies create cars too, then they will only change the shape, colors, designs or styles of cars; but no one will create a motorcycle or a van, and the market will be filled with cars that do not satisfy all people, because companies will be afraid to innovate or create something different, or to have to adapt to the rules of the State.
The Examples are:
- Economic Change-Southerners had to find another alternative to slave laborers.
- Social Changes- Black codes enacted.
- Political change- laws and Constitutional amendments that gave power to federal government to carry out the principle of equal rights, voting rights to slaves.
<h3>What is the effect of the Economic Change in the Reconstruction era?</h3>
The type of change that had the most impact on Southern life is said to be the political change as the Civil War altered the political system of the South.
Social change faced faced the most challenges and Southerners were against this type of change because it brought an end to their slave labor.
The abolishment of Slavery brought about payment of wages to get workers and this lead to a decrease in terms of profit.
A Social Changes in this era also was Racial segregation served as a replacement for replaced slavery in the South and also Black codes enacted as well as “Jim Crow”.
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Answer:
When the United States entered World War I, the exhausted British and French forces wanted American troops in the trenches of the Western Front as soon as possible. By 1917, aerial warfare was also considered key to the success of the ground forces, and in May 1917, The French, in particular, asked the Americans to also bolster Allied air power. The French wanted the Americans to supply 5,000 pilots and planes, along with 50,000 mechanics to supplement the French and British air forces already in combat.
The training system of the Signal Corps at that time would simply not be capable of producing such numbers. It was decided to establish a system, similar to the British training program of a ground school, then a primary flight program, then a specialized program to train new pilots in the three basic areas that had been developed by the French and British air forces, pursuit, bombardment and observation.
Answer:
Aging populations
Explanation:
The industrialized countries are facing a big demographic problem in the past few decades. The problem is the aging population. The living conditions in this countries are the best in the world, so they have high life expectancy, and while that is good, a problem occurs because the birthrates are very low. The birthrates are so low that they can not even simply sustain the same number of the population. This situation leads to fewer and fewer young people, and more and more elderly people, so the population pyramid is becoming wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.
