<span>Pioneer species is the first species to populate an area</span>
Whole genes and parts of genes can be extracted from chromosomes, linked to other DNA molecules to form recombinant DNA and introduced into living cells. In a process known as gene cloning, the host cell's biochemical processes are used to make many copies of the inserted gene and the protein it codes for.
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By monitoring changes in the population of a specific indicator species, scientists may draw conclusions about changes in a specific pollutant's levels. In addition, this method of pollution measurement demonstrates the impact of pollution on vulnerable species.
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