<span>refers to the 1780's, a time right
after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed
nation was in the balance; large amounts of debt, high taxes, foreign
affairs, domestic issues, and military concerns were some of the
problems Americans faced shortly after the Revolution; these concerns
prompted calls for a more vigorous national government that eventually
resulted in the Constitution in 1787</span>
Answer:
Ninety-five Theses
Explanation:
Martin Luther wrote the Ninety-five Theses against the contemporary practice of the church with respect to indulgences. In the Roman Catholic Church, practically the only Christian church in Western Europe at the time, indulgences are part of the economy of salvation. In this system, when Christians sin and confess, they are forgiven and no longer stand to receive eternal punishment in hell, but may still be liable to temporal punishment. This punishment could be satisfied by the penitent's performing works of mercy. If the temporal punishment is not satisfied during life, it needs to be satisfied in a Catholic belief of a place in-between Heaven and Hell, called Purgatory. By an indulgence (which may be understood in the sense of "kindness"), this temporal punishment could be lessened.Under abuses of the system of indulgences, clergy benefited by selling indulgences and the pope gave official sanction in exchange for a fee.
On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses against papal indulgences, or the atonement of sins through monetary payment, on the door of the church at Wittenberg, Germany. Within less than four years, the Catholic Church would brand Luther a heretic, and the Holy Roman Empire would condemn him as an outlaw. These were the early years of the Protestant Reformation, a turning point in history that would transform not only the Christian faith, but also the politics and society of all of Europe.
Answer:
1. ghazis
2. Shi'a
3. Janissaries
4. Byzantine
5. protection or religious freedom
6. Sufism
7. Ismail
8. Akbar
9. All three empires were ruled by Muslims, but they contained large populations of non-Muslims. Trade was the backbone of the economies in all three empires. All three empires were conquered by force by ambitious young men. At some point in all three places, religious tolerance was practiced. A mix of good and bad leaders ruled in all three empires, and all declined eventually.
10. There were many differences as well: the Mughals mostly ruled over Hindus, whereas the populations in the Safavid and Ottoman empires were mostly Muslim. In the Safavid Empire, Shi'ism was the official religion. The Mughals had a more difficult time maintaining control, as local lords had less loyalty and established their own kingdoms. The Safavids largely declined due to internal strife, and the Ottomans declined largely due to outside threats.
11. There are many reasons why rulers may have been motivated to adopt a policy of religious tolerance. First, all three empires were very large and contained people from many different religious backgrounds. Therefore, in order to maintain peace and rule over a diverse population, tolerance was a wise policy. Second, they all relied on trade to create wealth. They controlled important trading routes that connected people of various religious beliefs, and it was better to have a diverse citizenry to encourage trade with other peoples. Third, the practice of religious tolerance has roots in the Quran. It was an established practice among Muslim leaders.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C) an academic analysis of key battlefield strategies
The remaining 3 are primary sources, while the third is a secondary source due to the fact that it is already analyzed and presents quotes by someone, not a direct description of the occurrence or anything similar.