Sun provides energy to plants, which use it to make food from soil nutrients, which is eaten by animal, which is eaten by another animal, that produces waste and die, that decomposes and adds nutrients to the soil, which plants use with sunlight to make food from soil
From top to bottom: Earth, Saturn, Mars, Uranus, Venus, Jupiter
Answer: summation
Explanation:
The process which determine if an action potential will be generated or not depends on the combined effects of the signal inputs from multiple sources of synapse or from the repeated signals from the same synapse.
If the input signals reach the threshold voltage, action potential will be generated. (all –or –none principle).Therefore, this process is a determinant of the likelihood of action potential generation and it is called summation.
Summation is the ability to integrate multiple PSPs at multiple synapses.it is the process that determine if an action potential will be generated by combined effects of inhibitory or excitatory signals.
Based on the pathways and voulme of applied stimuli in the presynaptic neuron;
The signals can be temporal summation ( consecutive signals produced from the same synapse)where action potential of high frequency in the PSN generated action potential in the post synaptic neuron, which summate with one another. Or Spatial where signals inputs are from multiple presynaptic cells.
As electrons move along the chain, hydrogen ion are pumped from the stroma of the chloroplast into thylakoid lumen. these leads to creation of proton gradient in thylakoid lumen with the potential energy that will be used to synthesize ATP by enzyme ATPase in the process referred to as rotational catalysis. both chloroplast and mitochondria use electron transport chain to pump protons across the membrane and both enzyme ATPase to produce ATP using proton gradient created in the process of transport of hydrogen ions. the main existing between the electron transport chains of chloroplast and mitochondria is the initial source of energy. chloroplasts obtain their energy from sunlight whereas mitochondria obtain theirs from organic molecules.
