Sutton-Smith, in his model, The ambiguity of play to understanding video games, sees games as finite, fixed, and goal-oriented.
<h3>The Ambiguity of Play</h3>
- Sutton-Smith describes seven "rhetorics" of play—ideologies that have been applied to explain, support, and prioritize particular forms of play—in The Ambiguity of Play.
- Progress, fate, power, (community) identification, imagination, ego, and frivolity are the seven rhetorics.
- Sutton-Smith attributes three of these—fate, power, and identity in video games as ancient but still relevant and correlates them with a more group-centered orientation.
- Progress, imaginary, and self are three other terms that are more recent and are linked to a contemporary emphasis on the person.
- According to Sutton-Smith, frivolity, the seventh rhetoric, operates as responding rhetoric since nonhegemonic forms of play are frequently viewed as frivolous.
- Sutton-Smith states in the conclusion that variation is one of the play's fundamental characteristics and bears significant similarities to biological variation.
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Smog and problems of pollution growing within the cities
Civil society comprises organizations that are not associated with government—including schools and universities, advocacy groups, professional associations, churches, and cultural institutions (business sometimes is covered by the term civil society and sometimes not). Civil society organizations play multiple roles.
Answer:
A. there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.
Explanation:
A controlled experiment is used by researchers to test a single variable at a time. The controlled experiment usually comprise of two groups: one group is the experimental group which receives experimental treatment, while the second is the control group which does not receive experimental treatment and is used to compare the experimental group.
In other words, during investigation, the control group is not exposed to an independent variable unlike the experimental group, hence, the control group serves as the baseline to measure changes in the experimental group.
