B - energy flow from one tropic level to the next
Answer:
D. As the pH decreases, the number of surviving species decreases.
Explanation:
According to the table, there is only one species that survives a ph of 4.0 and 4.5 in the pond, while every ph value above that has multiple species that survive in its condition.
Subjects in the population are sampled by a random process, using either a random number generator or a random number table, so that each person remaining in the population has the same probability of being selected for the sample.
How to Estimate a Population Total from a Simple Random Sample
1. This lesson describes how to estimate a population total, given survey data from a simple random sample. ...
2. Sample mean = x = Σx / n.
3. Population total = t = Nx.
4. where N is the number of observations in the population, and x is the sample mean.
A simple random sample is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen. ... In this case, the population is all 250 employees, and the sample is random because each employee has an equal chance of being chosen.
Random sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an unbiased representation of the total population.
A major problem in sending space probes to Jupiter is that the planet has no solid surface on which to land, as there is a smooth transition between the planet's atmosphere and its fluid interior. Any probes descending into the atmosphere are eventually crushed by the immense pressures within Jupiter
