The ones in red I’m not really sure about but fit the best. Hopefully you have a textbook you can refer back to.
This definitely has to do with the excrement of animal feces. It's poop that does this, caused by farming.
It was a phrase used to justify European Imperialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The phrase implies that imperialism was motivated by a high-minded desire of whites to uplift people of color.
<span>Floods provided water for crops.
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