The primary succession takes a long time to be done. the secondary succesion takes 200-500 years for completion. the secondary succession occurs in an area which has been denuded recently and lately inhabited. soil is present at the beginning of the secondary succession with some organisms. thank you for this question.
The first one because the scale is straight, let me know if you get it right
Increases genetic variation of the offspring.
sapropollenin i<span>s a polymer that tesist all kinds of environmental damages</span>
I think that it's Photosynthesis?
