Explanation:
Europe in the nineteenth century drew on immense new resources created by the Industrial Revolution to underpin its expansion.
• European states were more powerful in the nineteenth century and were able to field more military resources in their imperialist competition with each other.
• To a greater extent than before, in the nineteenth century Europe enmeshed other parts of the world in networks of trade, investment, and sometimes migration. This ultimately generated a new world economy.
• Unlike the early modern period, in the nineteenth century European expansion brought with it a new culture of modernity—its scientific rationalism and technological achievements, its belief in a better future, and its ideas of nationalism, socialism, feminism, and individualism
Answer:
n World War II, the three great Allied powers—Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union—formed a Grand Alliance that was the key to victory. But the alliance partners did not share common political aims, and did not always agree on how the war should be fought.
Combatants: Soviet Union
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Answer:
The United States backed Fulgencio Batista regime for a long time, but by 1955 there was growing concern that perhaps a change was needed. When Fidel Castro seized power in 1959 he was invited to visit the United States by then-President Eisenhower. Castro claimed his movement and revolution was Liberal National. However, the nationalization of properties and American companies by the Cuban government was taken as aggression.
In retaliation, the US declared a commercial embargo on Cuba to try to choke Castro's regime. Then in 1961, Kennedy backed a group of Cuban exiles in a coup against Fidel. The invasion was a sound defeat and Castro decided to look for the help of the USSR.
Nikita Krushov, the Soviet leader, offered Castro economic aid and protection from the US and in exchange asked about placing Nuclear Missiles in the Island. The USSR had recently found out that the US had Missiles placed in Turkey.
Castro accepted and officially declared that Cuba was now a communist nation. In 1962 the USSR installed missiles in Cuba. But a spy plane discovered them and tense negotiations ensued. Faced with the prospect of Mutual Assured Destruction, Kennedy and Krushov, agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba and Turkey.
Castro was left out of the negotiations, which damaged Cuba's relationship with the USSR.
Explanation:
Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required "Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage" during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article, Article 231<span>, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty forced Germany to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions, and pay </span>reparations<span> to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK £284 billion in 2017). At the time economists, notably </span>John Maynard Keynes, predicted that the treaty was too harsh—a "Carthaginian peace<span>"—and said the reparations figure was excessive and counter-productive, views that, since then, have been the subject of ongoing debate by historians and economists from several countries. On the other hand, prominent figures on the Allied side such as French </span>Marshal Ferdinand Foch<span> criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently.</span>
