Basically:
Anaerobic: takes place in an environment without oxygen
Aerobic: takes place in an environment with oxygen
Hope this helps!
~Chrys
The role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis is to transports a proton down the gradient and uses the energy to complete the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis starts with the absorption of light or solar energy by the plant pigments called chlorophyll. The activated chlorophyll molecule helps in the electron transfer from one acceptor to another forming a chain.
The first phase of photosynthesis the light-dependent reaction in which the absorbed light is utilized to produce molecules carrying energy that is used in the second phase to form carbohydrates by reducing carbon dioxide. The first phase occurs in the grana region of the chloroplast and involves the transport of electrons through photosystem II (PS II) followed by photosystem I (PS I). The energy gained by the chlorophyll molecule is transferred to PS II in the form of electrons. These electrons are passed on further through a series of electron transporter or carrier from PS II to PS I. In photosystem I, finally, the electron is gained by NADP+ to form NADPH.
The ATP synthesis is produced by the use of proton motive force this reaction is catalyzed by ATP synthase. This a multiprotein synthase is also well-known as F0 F1 complex .The ATP molecule is synthesized when proton flow back from the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient . ATP synthase has two components F1 ATPase and F0 which is embedded in the inner membrane and contain alpha, beta and C unit.
As the electrons travel along the electron transport chain, energy is released which helps in the pumping of protons (ions) into the lumen from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane. A proton gradient is developed which allows the movement of protons back to the stroma which in turn results in the formation of ATP through membrane-bound ATP synthase
The second phase of the photosynthesis is the dark reaction or the light-independent reaction happens in the stroma and utilizes the products formed during the light-dependent phase.
Learn more:
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Plant Cell
Keywords:
ATP synthase, light dependent reaction, thylakoid, stroma, grana, membrane, photosynthesis, alpha , beta, proton motive force.
Correct question:
The hypothalamus __________.
a) influences the function of only one lobe of the pituitary gland.
b) synthesizes all of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland.
c) regulates both reproduction and body temperature.
d) produces only inhibitory hormones.
Answer:
C) Regulates both reproduction and body temperature.
Explanation:
The hypothalamus is a small but important area in the center of the brain. It plays an important role in hormone production and helps to stimulate many important processes in the body and is located in the brain, between the pituitary gland and thalamus.
The hypothalamus’ main role is to keep the body in homeostasis as much as possible.
Homeostasis means a healthful, balanced bodily state.
The hypothalamus acts as the link between the endocrine and nervous systems to achieve this. It plays a part in many essential functions of the body such as: body temperature, thirst, appetite and weight control, emotions, sex drive, blood pressure and heart rate, production of digestive juices and balancing bodily fluids.
A salmon can live out of water for 2 hours
