Of the options given, the one that is not seen as an influence on a novel's composition is the fourth one: <em>governmental context</em>.
Explanation:
I chose the last item because all the others have a more direct influence on a novel composition; the writer is a person whose life has been developed in a determined historical, social context and that context made him/her who he/she is, and, of course, his/her personal situation is always the most direct influence. The governmental context can also influence the composition, but is not the most common situation, unless that politics and government is the main topic of his/her work.
