Answer:
b. all three pathogens are obligate anaerobes.
Explanation:
Tetanus is caused by an <u>exotoxin</u> produced by the bacterium <em>Clostridium tetani</em>, which is normally f<u>ound in the soil</u>, although it may be present in the intestines of mammals. It is an <u>anoxic and spore-forming bacteria</u>. It enters the body through wounds or deep punctures, finding in the wound the anoxic conditions to germinate its spores, producing its potent toxin.
Anthrax is caused by the bacterium <em>Bacillus anthracis</em>, which is a stationary and <u>endospore-forming </u>bacteria that is resistant to high temperatures and chemicals. It is a <u>strictly aerobic</u> bacterium and can be <u>found naturally in the soil</u>. Both animals and humans can breathe or ingest spores of this bacterium by consuming meat or contaminated water. When spores get into the body, their turn into active cells and <u>produce exotoxins</u>
Botulism is caused by the pathogen <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>, a s<u>trict anaerobic</u> bacillus, producing <u>endospores and 8 different types of toxins</u>. Being a <u>soil-borne bacterium</u>, it usually appears in the food of animal and vegetable origin.
Spearate cell into the protein cells
Reproduction rate and population size helps determine how fast the mutation is passed within a population. Also if it is favorable to species it helps determine if it is passed and unfavorable mutations tend to die off. Think about for example if one species has a favorable environment gene then it's going to have a higher chance or survival and reproduction than the other species. Also genes help determine if mutation is passed on.
