There were many such things, for example, systematic racism. African-Americans were still living in poverty or didn't have civil rights and segregation was strong. They could only join white communities if they were musicians or things like that where they would have to play for white guests of parlors. It wasn't until the 60s that the African-American people were given their civil rights.
It means no cruel or unusual punishments.
EX. You can't get a life sentence for a petty crime.
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Answer:
The right answer is A) Literacy tests were banned and federal enforcement powers strengthened.
Explanation:
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 intended to eliminate barriers erected in southern states that impeded African-Americans from voting, a violation of the 15th Amendment. One common obstacle used to block black people was to make them pass literacy tests. This population had lived for centuries in opression, poverty and lack of education opportunities. That was a repugnant racist trick to make ineffective the rights of a good part of American society.