The prehistory of the Americas (North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean) begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age. These groups are generally believed to have been isolated from peoples of the "Old World" until the coming of Europeans in the 10th century from Norway and with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
The ancestors of today's American Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians; they were hunter-gatherers who migrated into North America. The most popular theory asserts that migrants came to the Americas via Beringia, the land mass now covered by the ocean waters of the Bering Strait. Small lithic stage peoples followed megafauna like bison, mammoth (now extinct), and caribou, thus gaining the modern nickname "big-game hunters." Groups of people may also have traveled into North America on shelf or sheet ice along the northern Pacific coast.
Cultural traits brought by the first immigrants later evolved and spawned such cultures as Iroquois on North America and Pirahã of South America. These cultures later developed into civilizations. In many cases, these cultures expanded at a later date than their Old World counterparts. Cultures that may be considered[citation needed]advanced or civilized include Norte Chico, Cahokia, Zapotec, Toltec, Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Chimor, Mixtec, Moche, Mississippian, Puebloan, Totonac, Teotihuacan, Huastec people, Purépecha, Izapa, Mazatec, Muisca, and the Inca.
After the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492, Spanish, Portuguese and later English, French and Dutch colonial expeditions arrived in the New World, conquering and settling the discovered lands, which led to a transformation of the cultural and physical landscape in the Americas. Spain colonized most of the American continent from present-day Southwestern United States, Florida and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America. Portugal settled in what is mostly present-day Brazil while England established colonies on the Eastern coast of the United States, as well as the North Pacific coast and in most of Canada. France settled in Quebec and other parts of Eastern Canada and claimed an area in what is today the central United States. The Netherlands settled New Netherland (administrative centre New Amsterdam - now New York), some Caribbean islands and parts of Northern South America.
European colonization of the Americas led to the rise of new cultures, civilizations and eventually states, which resulted from the fusion of Native American and European traditions, peoples and institutions. The transformation of American cultures through colonization is evident in architecture, religion, gastronomy, the arts and particularly languages, the most widespread being Spanish (376 million speakers), English (348 million) and Portuguese (201 million). The colonial period lasted approximately three centuries, from the early 16th to the early 19th centuries, when Brazil and the larger Hispanic American nations declared independence. The United States obtained independence from England much earlier, in 1776, while Canada formed a federal dominion in 1867. Others remained attached to their European parent state until the end of the 19th century, such as Cuba and Puerto Rico which were linked to Spain until 1898. Smaller territories such as Guyana obtained independence in the mid-20th century, while certain Caribbean islands remain part of a European power to this day.
SALT II was the second series of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The talks opened in Geneva in September 1972 to complete the agreement on strategic defensive weapons. The agreement for the limitation of the construction of nuclear weapons was reached in Vienna on June 18, 1979, but with the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, on the eve of Christmas 1979, there were harsh reactions on a global scale, especially on the American side.
On 3 January 1980, Carter proposed to the Senate to postpone indefinitely the ratification of the SALT II treaty. Then he took a series of restrictive measures, including the suspension of the planned sales of grain, culminating then in the announcement that the American athletes would not take part in the XXII Olympics, to be held in Moscow on the summer of 1980. With the increasing tensions at the beginning of the eighties, the great powers accused each other of betraying the agreements made, but this did not prevent the negotiations for the reduction of strategic weapons, albeit with continuous interruptions, to resume until reaching the START agreements (START I and START II).
Answer: he Sherman Antitrust Act is the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts, monopolies, and cartels. The Act's purpose was to promote economic fairness and competitiveness and to regulate interstate commerce. It was proposed, and passed, in 1890 by Ohio Senator John Sherman.
Explanation: uumm i had these in my notes but it would be option (B)
Reign of Terror refers to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established and it lasted from September 1793 until the fall of Robespierre in 1794. Its purpose was to purge France of enemies of the Revolution and protect the country from foreign invaders.
