moral lessons...I guess? The author, Lewis Carroll, never intended the story to have a moral lesson. I'd argue against that, but that might be what you're looking for.
I want to go, but I have to feed my spider.
The correct answer is B. Thus Fortune with a light / Turn of her wheel brings men from joy to sorrow.
The Monk's Tale is a bit different from all other plays in the Canterbury Tales - it is rather a collection of very short stories (17 of them) about various characters from literature and history who were played by Fortune. The moral of his story is that fate is fickle, and that you cannot control it. Your destiny decides what will happen to you, and there's nothing you can do about it.
B. Simile
Simile are used to compare one thing with another.
- baseball and soccer are team sports = it is so much fun to play baseball
- there is a 90% chance of snow today = everyone hates when it snows
- poodles make great pets= a poodle is a type of dog
- strawberries make a delicious desert = ripe strawberries are red