The answer to the above question is Fatty acids.
<h3>What are
Fatty acids?</h3>
A fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain that is either saturated or unsaturated. This definition applies to chemistry, particularly biochemistry. The majority of naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain with 4 to 28 carbon atoms, which is an even number. In some species, like microalgae, fatty acids make up a significant portion of the lipids (up to 70% by weight), but in other organisms, they are present as one of the three main types of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, or cholesteryl esters rather than in their solo form. Fatty acids are crucial nutritional sources of energy for animals in any of these forms, as well as crucial cellular building blocks.
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Answer:
DNP produces the loss of the proton gradient (i.e., the energy of the proton gradient is dissipated in the form of heat instead to produce ATP)
Explanation:
2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) acts to shuttle H+ ions across cellular membranes, bypassing the ATP synthase used by mitochondria to generate ATP during cellular respiration. Since DNP is able to bypass ATP synthase, this compound uncouples the phosphorylation of ADP by the ATP synthase from the process of oxidation (i.e., transport of electrons). For example, in muscle cells, DNP may be used to shuttle calcium ions (Ca +) from mitochondrial stores, and free intracellular Ca+ ions are evidenced to produce muscle contraction.
Hydrolysis of the ATP molecule removes the third phosphate group, creating ADP, a phosphate group, and releasing energy that can be used for a number of functions in various cells.
Temperature and something else
