Answer:
It´s difficult to provide a simple answer to that question. There maybe more than one answer. It depends on the views each person has, on cultural and individual values.
The Mongols were seen as barbarians by the Chinese. They didn´t follow Chinese customs and social norms, and anybody outside the circle of Chinese culture was taken as a barbarian. Besides, China - Zhongguo, the Middle Kingdom - always saw itself as the center of civilization. After their conquest of imperial China, the Mongols adopted Chinese norms and assimilated to Chinese culture, just as it has happened with other foreign conquerors, which constitutes an acknowledgement of Chinese sophistication.
By their global conquest - the Mongol hordes reached Europe and Southeast Asia - they put together into one political entity many former kingdoms and lands that had had no previous contact with each other. Curiously enough, Mongol expansion was a vehicle of Chinese culture during the Yuan dinasty, founded by Mongols rulers in imperial China.
Explanation:
The Middle Ages was the period between the 5th and the 15th century in European history. It begins with the <em>fall of the Western Roman Empire</em> and ends with either the <em>Renaissance</em> or the <em>Age of Discovery</em>.
- What were the main components that made up the culture of the Middle Ages?
There are several ways to analyze the culture of the Middle Ages. In terms of architecture, the Middle Ages saw the birth of <em>Romanesque</em> and <em>Gothic</em> architecture, mainly developed in churches and castles. Metalwork, manuscript illustration and wall-paintings were other common forms of art. <em>Christianity</em> became relevant in all aspects of life and eventually motivated the <em>Crusades</em> (wars of reconquest). After the <em>Black Death</em> arose in 1347, about 35 million people died in the next three years. However, the plague returned several times throughout the 14th century.
- What happened in the Middle Ages, intellectually, between the 11th and 14th centuries?
The main debate in intellectual life during the Middle Ages was whether <em>reason</em> could be applied to <em>faith</em>. This led to a reexploration of Platonic ideals and advances in philosophy and theology. Law was also developed through an advance of<em> Roman law</em> into areas previously dominated by <em>customary law</em>. Vernacular literature increased, even though education remained mostly a privilege of the future clergy.
<em>Scholasticism</em> is primarily a method of learning that places emphasis on <em>dialectical reasoning</em> (deciding between opposites or contradictions through logic). This method of critical thought dominated medieval universities and arose as a need to reconcile the different traditions of knowledge that existed in medieval times.
- What does the statement “pygmies standing on the shoulders of giants” mean when applied to the intellectuals of the Middle Ages and Scholasticism?
The phrase “standing on the shoulders of giants” refers to people who make some advancement in knowledge thanks to the work of previous scholars. In this case, the addition of the word “pygmy,” which refers to very small humans, implied that Medieval advancements were very limited when compared to the advancements of the <em>Classical period</em>.
<span>Speaker of the House of Representatives. They are normally a senior member of the majority party in the House, and are picked by their party for the position.</span>
Hongwu created a form of Martial Rule. He expected everyone to obey his rules and if they failed to do so they were subjected to execution or tortures. He was a tyrant Emperor who trusted no one but his family, if he finds anything suspicious about his advisers he would immediately have them killed or torture. This was a time in China where coups and other acts of sedition were not even attempted by the people of China because of their fear of exaggerated punishment.
