That refers to the authority a higher court has to accept an appeal of a decision that a lower court judge made. That's constantly used when people aren't satisfied with the decision a judge made and try to get a better outcome by appealing.
Have a nice day! :)
Well since there is no list I would have to go with Gregor Mendel.
It enabled them to increase their power over the trade business creating a complete monopoly which in turn led even to military expansions. Eventually, it led to the complete fall of Mughal empire and establishment of East India Company as the rulers of colonial India.
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote.
Hope that helps