Answer:
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 17, 1963, ruled (8–1) that legally or officially mandated Bible reading or prayer in public schools is unconstitutional. Whether required by state laws or by rules adopted by local school boards, such practices, the court held, violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment, which prohibits Congress from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion.” (The various provisions of the First Amendment, including the establishment clause, were gradually incorporated, or made binding on the states, by the Supreme Court in the first half of the 20th century through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.)
Explanation:
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 17, 1963, ruled (8–1) <em>that legally or officially mandated Bible reading or prayer in public schools is unconstitutional. </em>Whether required by state laws or by rules adopted by local school boards, such practices, the court held that to violate the establishment clause of the <em>First Amendment,</em> which prohibits Congress from making any law <em>“respecting an establishment of religion.” </em>(The various provisions of the First Amendment, including the establishment clause, were gradually incorporated, or made binding on the states, by the Supreme Court in the first half of the 20th century through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.)
Answer:
c) reinforcement
Explanation:
This question is missing its answers. The possible answers for this question are:
A) a long time delay
B) conditional emotional linkages
C) reinforcement
D) the law of negative effect
In psychology, operant conditioning is a type of learning that focuses in punishments and reinforcements. A reinforcements is a stimulus that increases the chances that a certain behavior is repeated in the future. In other words, it refers to something that makes the behavior be more frequent. On the other hand, punishments are stimuli that decrease the chances that a certain behavior is repeated in the future. In other words, it refers to something that makes the behavior less frequent.
So, when <u>we want a response to be repeated </u>we need to reinforce it in order to create the association between this stimulus and the response.
Therefore, in operant conditioning, reinforcement is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.
