The correct answer is option B - Ivan IV.
Ivan IV or Ivan The Terrible was the first tsar of Russia. He was born on August 25, 1530, and died on March 18, 1584.
He created a centrally controlled Russian state, which main characteristic was the military dominance.
He took control of Russia by forming the Oprichnina, that is an added territory that would be administrated separately from the rest of the state. It was also during this time too that he created the Oprichniki, which was the first official secret Russian police force.
The correct answer is (D). The Federalist Papers were highly instrumental in supporting the U.S. Constitution during the ratification debate. These 85 papers - which together form the Federalist Papers - were incredibly important in terms of arguing on behalf of the ratification of the Constitution and serve, even today, as the ultimate explanations in terms of the meaning of the Constitution.
The original thirteen colonies were British.
