In Israel, women have had the right to vote since the mid 20th century and form a strong part of the electorate. Women are also able to run for office and lead parties.
In Iran, women may not have certain rights that women in the west do but they do have the right to vote and make up almost 50% of the electorate. Sadly they cannot run for office of presidency even though they can vote for it.
To protect its local industries and jobs. Placing trade barriers restricts cheaper goods and service that may out-compete those of the local market if allowed to freely compete in the local market.
To protect its population when it feels that the foreign products or services do not meet its national standards and that the goods/services may be harmful for its local population as a measure of national security.
Trade barrier and tariffs are also used as a form of diplomacy. Trade barriers are imposed on good and services from a country that a nation considers hostile.
