Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances.
n the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology.[5] It is sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both basic and applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level.[6] For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant chemistry (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the properties of the soil on the moon (cosmochemistry), how medications work (pharmacology), and how to collect DNA evidence at a crime scene (forensics).
Chemistry addresses topics such as how atoms and molecules interact via chemical bonds to form new chemical compounds. There are two types of chemical bonds: 1. Primary Chemical bonds e.g covalent bonds, in which atoms share one or more electron(s); ionic bonds, in which an atom donates one or more electrons to another atom to produce ions (cations and anions); Metallic bonds and 2. Secondary chemical bonds e.g. hydrogen bonds;Van der Waals force bonds, ion-ion interaction, ion-dipole interaction etc.
Newton's first law is a object at rest stays at rest unless acted by and outside force
Explanation:
say there is a ball sitting still it is at rest well say a kid comes over and kicks the ball the kid is the outside force that puts the ball in motion so the ball goes from sitting still to moving by the outside force also known as the kid
Rate law says that rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants each raised to a stoichiometric coefficient determined experimentally called as order.
Order of the reaction is defined as the sum of the concentration of terms on which the rate of the reaction actually depends. It is the sum of the exponents of the molar concentration in the rate law expression.
For reactions which takes place in multiple steps are complex reactions and the order is given by the slowest step which is the rate limiting step.
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, 0.0185 moles of water are required.
<h3>Calorimetry</h3>
Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
So, the equation that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.
<h3>Mass of water required</h3>
In this case, you know:
Heat= 92.048 kJ
Mass of water = ?
Initial temperature of water= 34 ºC
Final temperature of water= 100 ºC
Specific heat of water = 4.186
Replacing in the expression to calculate heat exchanges:
92.048 kJ = 4.186 × m× (100 °C -34 °C)
92.048 kJ = 4.186 × m× 66 °C
m= 92.048 kJ ÷ (4.186 × 66 °C)
<u><em>m= 0.333 grams</em></u>
<h3>Moles of water required</h3>
Being the molar mass of water 18 , that is, the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole, the moles of water required can be calculated as: