The second law of thermodynamics states that in a reversible process, the entropy of the universe is constant, whereas in an irreversible process, such as the transfer of heat from a hot object to a cold object, the entropy of the universe increases
<u>Answer:</u> The net ionic equation is written below.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Net ionic equation of any reaction does not include any spectator ions.
Spectator ions are defined as the ions which does not get involved in a chemical equation. They are found on both the sides of the chemical reaction when it is present in ionic form.
The chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium nitrate and aqueous ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) is given as:

A white precipitate of magnesium hydroxide is formed in the above reaction.
Ionic form of the above equation follows:

As, ammonium and nitrate ions are present on both the sides of the reaction. Thus, it will not be present in the net ionic equation and are spectator ions.
The net ionic equation for the above reaction follows:

Hence, the net ionic equation is written above.
Answer:
The mass percent of copper as element is the same.
Explanation:
First of all we need the reaction that is presented below:
→ 
The mass percent of copper (Cu) as element is the same because of during the reaction the element only transform its nature from copper carbonate (
) to copper oxide (
), the latter is a solid and will remain in the system.
On the other hand, you will note that the global percentage mass will be small because of the reaction produce (
) that is a gas and this one will escape for the system.
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atoms are made of 3 types of subatomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons
atomic number is the number of protons. atomic number is characteristic for the element. In ground state atoms, the number of electrons and protons are the same.
the electronic configuration of Ca in the ground state is
Ca - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
when Ca loses its 2 valence electrons, it becomes positively charged and the electronic configuration becomes
Ca - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶
number of electrons in Ca²⁺ is 18
the atom in the ground state would have the same number of electrons and protons. Therefore number of protons are 18. then the atomic number of the element is 18
the atom having an atomic number of 18 is Ar.
the answer is 1) Ar