I honestly think that a or d would be the best options. I would start with D and if that doesn't work try a.
Force and displacement must be present according to formula and if asking about components then maybe X and Y
The scientific investigation is the systematic approach of the scientists to answer the questions about the world. It is applied almost all of the theories including the Theory of Natural Selection. Darwin's theory of evolution is a result of scientific investigation. In this theory, they investigate by observing the distribution of species.