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marin [14]
3 years ago
12

Explain the importance of the nitrogen base and their role in preserving the code

Biology
1 answer:
sukhopar [10]3 years ago
8 0

Ans.

Genetic codes provide information for the protein synthesis as each code specifically codes a particular amino acid that gets joined in polypeptide chain during the process of translation.

Each genetic code is three letter code, made up of three nitrogenous bases. There are four different bases in DNA or RNA that make sixty four codes with different combinations, out of which sixty one code for amino acids and three act as stop codons.

Thus, nitrogenous bases are important in preserving the genetic codes.

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Are RNAs processed before translation is able to occur in Prokaryotes? Do only mRNAs undergo processing and maturation in Eukary
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Answer: RNAs are not processed before translation in prokaryotes, this process only takes place in eukaryotes.

Explanation:

Messenger RNA or mRNA is a single-straded ribonucleic acid that transfers the genetic information from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule of the cell nucleus to a ribosome (which are the machinery responsible for protein synthesis) in the cytoplasm. mRNA determines the order in which the amino acids of a protein will be joined and acts as a template or pattern for the synthesis of that protein. To accomplish this, the DNA molecule must be transcribed into an RNA molecule, which is used for protein synthesis.

The messenger RNA obtained after transcription is known as primary transcribed RNA or precursor RNA or pre-mRNA, which in most cases is not released from the transcription complex in a fully active form, but in eukaryotes it must undergo modifications before it can perform its function (RNA processing or maturation). These modifications include:

  • Elimination of fragments (splicing): In most cases, the <u>mRNA undergoes the removal of internal, non-coding sequences called introns, and the connection of exons. This does not occur in prokaryotic cells</u>, as they do not have introns in their DNA.
  • Protection by CAP: <u>Addition to the 5' end of the structure called "cap" or "capping"</u>, which is a modified guanine nucleotide, 7-methylguanosine triphosphate, via a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage, instead of the usual 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. This cap is necessary for the normal RNA translation process and to maintain its stability.
  • Polyadenylation signal: <u>Addition to the 3' end of a poly-A tail, a long polyadenylate sequence, whose bases are all adenine</u>. Its addition is mediated by a sequence or polyadenylation signal (AAAAAA), located 11-30 nucleotides upstream of the original 3' end. This tail protects the mRNA from degradation, and increases its half-life in the cytosol, so that more protein can be synthesized.

The mature mRNA (in eukaryotes) is transferred to the cytosol of the cell through pores in the nuclear envelope. Once in the cytoplasm, ribosomes are coupled to the mRNA. However, in prokaryotes, ribosome binding occurs while the mRNA strand is being synthesized. After a certain amount of time, the mRNA is degraded into its component nucleotides by ribonucleases. So, the transcription and translation processes are carried out in a similar way as in eukaryotic cells but they occur simultaneously. But, the fundamental difference is that, in prokaryotes, the messenger RNA does not undergo a maturation process and, therefore, no cap or tail is added and no introns are removed. Moreover, it does not have to leave the nucleus as in eukaryotes, because in prokaryotic cells there is no defined nucleus.

So, RNAs are not processed before translation in prokaryotes, this process only takes place in eukaryotes.

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Geothermal energy is heat energy generated and stored in the Earth. ... The adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots γη (ge), meaning earth, and θερμος (thermos), meaning hot. Earth's internal heat is thermal energy generated from radioactive decay and continual heat loss from Earth's formation.
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Explanation:

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Hope it helps! :D

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