Answer:
Hey crystal!
Explanation:
Therefore, so that dangerous ideas such as Liberalism and Nationalism didn’t spread and the Austrian multi-national empire was maintained the powers signed the Vienna settlement, removing French influence & constitutions and restoring the legitimate rulers. Many Italians were unhappy with this and called for a united Italy.
One Italian who’s idea it was to have a Liberal Italian republic was Giuseppe Mazzini.
Although unsuccessful in his conspiracies, Mazzini succeeded in igniting a feeling of nationalism in the people of the Italian states. In Marseille 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini founded the “Young Italy” group. Through “Young Italy” and the thousands of articles, which Mazzini wrote, smuggled into Italy and published in young Italy's newspaper or elsewhere, Mazzini publicised his ideas of Liberalism and Nationalism.
He is therefore seen as a key to Italian unification because as Denis Mack Smith says, Mazzini succeeded in “defining the goal and arousing enthusiasm among practiced soldiers and statesmen” who were important to his cause.
Mazzini's contribution to unite Italy is not through revolts, which he also attempted such as in 1834 where he tried to invade Savoy from Switzerland; his contribution is that he fabricated the idea of a united Italy.
Mazzini who, after 1830, was forced to live in exile became the ideological head of a nationalist movement. He also founded societies such as “Young Germany” or “Young Europe” through which his fame grew.
As one of the supporters of the “Risorgimento” Mazzini saw his aim to be the creation of a liberal country. Therefore the poem by George Meredith quite rightly identifies Mazzini as the soul of the movement to unite Italy. He was the ideological leader and gave people a reason to fight for. Mazzini opposing constitutional monarchs was repaired to Milan in 1848 where he conducted the paper “L'Italia del Popolo“, where, when Charles Albert turned his back on the city, the inhabitants turned to Mazzini to become dictator.
This shows that Mazzini’s contribution towards the unity of Italy was psychological, through his ideological ideas and the enthusiasm, which he ignited in the people. He managed to excite the people for a united liberal republic and gave them an aim. Mazzini was also important to the unification of Italy because he in a sense made Garibaldi, by Garibaldi joining “Young Italy” at the age of 15. Lastly Mazzini by founding “Young Italy” gave a stage to all those who wanted a unified Italy.
Garibaldi who after the age of 15 joined “Young Italy” had a crewed idea of politics but saw it desirable to have a unified Italy. He preferred a Republic but would have accepted a monarch as well.
With his skills he was able to take 1000 men, down to Marsala in 1860 and take over Sicily. He then moved across to Naples where he met barely any resistance. Garibaldi and his men then moved up into the Papal states where he met the men of King Emmanuel II, to whom he gave the land he had conquered.
Through conquering the Kingdom of two Sicilies and handing them over to Piedmont, Garibaldi was the decisive factor in the unification of Italy. He managed to halt the formation of a bi-polar Italy with a Piedmontese empire in the North and a Kingdom of two Sicilies in the South only divided by the Papal States, which would have then only through war be unifiable. However Garibaldi not only annexed Southern Italy for Piedmont but he also created a cult.
The last architect of a unified Italy and at the same time the only who never intended to unify Italy was Camillo Cavour. It is debatable whether he worked towards a unified Italy Italian historians suggest that he did, while other historian such as Mack Smith in his book “Cavour and Garibaldi” state the opposite.
Cavour’s main aim was to expand the Piedmontese territory and annex other states and so increase the influence of Piedmont. By doing this he contributed towards unifying Italy because he decreased the number of independent states. Cavour secretly planned a war with Austria by persuading Napoleon III to a pact against Austria.
Cavour is seen as the brain of Italian unification as arranged the circumstances for the unification. However his possibly greatest contribution was that he sent King Victor Emmanuel II to intercept Garibaldi in the Papal States. Cavour fearing that Garibaldi could attack the French troops stationed in Rome and therefore cause French troops to invade Piedmont sent King Victor Emmanuel II to meet Garibaldi. Garibaldi unexpectedly handed over the states he had conquered. Due to his cunning political contrivances Cavour was extremely important for the unification of Italy.
