Farming causes a chain reaction: farmers supply crops/meats to distributors, distributors sell crops/meats in bulk to grocery stores, and those in the food industry can obtain their produce through the mentioned grocers. Restaurants rely on grocers, who rely on distributors, who rely on farmers.
Answer:
1. A 2.B 3.B 4.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D
Explanation:
Answer:
a.Many mitochondrial genes resemble proteobacteria genes, while the genes in the chloroplast resemble genes found in some photosynthetic bacteria.
c.Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes that are similar to those found in bacteria.
d.Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate by a process similar to mitosis.
Explanation:
Endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplast which are organelles of eukaryotic cells were once independently living micro-organisms but with due course of time eukaryotic cells engulfed them and they become an integral part of these eukaryotic cells.
The resemblance between mitochondrial genes with those of proteobacteria and chloroplast genes with photosynthetic bacteria strongly support endosymbiotic theory. Apart from this, the presence of their own DNA that too circular just like prokaryotic microbes and 70 S ribosomes also support this theory. Also just like prokaryotic cells, before cell division mitochondria and chloroplasts undergo replication by means of a process known as binary fission.
Answer:
Ashing process is done to evaluate the ash content present in petroleum or other proucts, so that they can be used for certain applications
The two major types of ashing process that includes dry ashing and wet ashing and can be performed using microwave systems or conventional means.
a. errors made in the preceding method while determining the ash content of buttermilk by conventional dry ashing are as following:
- Buttermilk should not immediatly put into muffle immediatley, it should be boiled first to avoid splatter.
- Temperature should be between 500 to 600 degree celcius at high temperature teh ash content can be loss.
- The sample should be ashed for 12-18 hrs
, more than this can damage the required ash content.
- platinum tip should be used in place of stainless steel because platinum has a lower concomitant tip impedance than stainless stell, so less reactive to ash.
- The ash should put in dessicator and not allow to kept in open because ash can react with the humidity in teh atmosphere.
b. The result that occur due to above errors such as the temperature, time, tongs and leaving ash in open will manipulate the final ash content and its application can be harmful for humans and for other purpose if it will be used.
