Hello. You did not enter the text to which this question refers, which makes it very difficult to answer it exactly. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
As you showed that the word "author" in line 10 was used as a proper noun, we can consider that the same word in line 4 was used in a general way and did not specify an exact person. This is because proper nouns are terms used to specify something or someone, as the question states that the word "author" was not used with the same meaning in line 4, we can consider that this is the difference.
Answer:
There is scarcely anything that can wound the pride or degrade the character of an independent nation which we do not experience
Explanation:
This is an excerpt from Alexander Hamilton's Federalist No.15 essay, titled, "The insufficiency of the present confederation to preserve the union". Here he explains the "material imperfections" of the articles of confederation and how it has failed to govern the United States effectively.
B. Because after that the people knew there was something wrong
If your question is:
What was the reason behind the incident described in this passage?
a. Ethnic conflict in the Ottoman empire
b. Extreme militarism in Germany
c. Serbian nationalism
d. Economic competition between France and Germany
I think the answer is d. Economic competition between France and Germany.
It was "D. Peter the Great" who disguised himself as a carpenter in order to travel around Europe and see for himself how western technology worked. Peter was a truly transformative leader in this way, since he was the first to attempt to bring Russia out from its ancient ways and into modern civilization.
