1. Colonialism is a type of foreign policy where a country exercises political control over another country by occupying it with its settlers and exploiting the economic gain that comes with it.
2. The Lewis and Clark expedition was very important because it marked the first expedition towards the western half of the United States. At the end of this expedition many new animals, regions, and people were discovered, this eventually led to the westward expansion of the United States to settle in these vast new regions.
3. The Nootka Sound Controversy was a major dispute that almost caused Spain and Great Britain to go to war. The dispute involved claims of who owned the pacific northwest.
Spain claimed to have possession but Great Britain threatened war over such claim. And thus, because of Spain's lack of military power Spain gave into Great Britain's demands, this resulted in the Nootka Sound Convention which stated that each country had the freedom to navigate the Pacific Northwest and be able to install settlements on unoccupied land.
The religion your asking about is the Protestant Reformation because there were issues from the Pope and Catholic Church that now today Protestants don't agree with.
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The effect that Crusades had on trade was that it opened up new trading markets, new ideas to Europeans; Europeans began to sell their own spices by trading with middle East without middlemen, this strengthening its economy.
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The governor is considered to be the Chief Executive of the state.
The governor is given the authority as the chief executive of the state and is elected popularly.
All other executive officers are bound to report to the governor. In some cases, the governor also elects and appoints other executive officers in the state. However, the legal and practical executive power of the governor varies from state to state.