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According to the </span>RNA<span> World </span>Hypothesis<span>, life later evolved to use DNA and proteins due to </span>RNA's<span> relative instability and poorer catalytic properties, and gradually, ribozymes became increasingly phased out. The ribosome, a large molecular machine that drives protein synthesis, is a ribozyme.
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Such unequal distribution of resources was commonly related to land for agriculture, necessary for population growth.
Answer:
C)Parental: 41% Dr, 41% dR; recombinant: 9% DR, 9% dr.
Explanation:
The notation Dr/dR for genotypes means that one homologous chromosome has the alleles Dr and the other homologous chromosome has the alleles dR.
The heterozygous plant Dr/dR will produce 4 types of gametes: two identical to the chromosmes the individual has in its somatic cells (called parental), and two gametes which will be a mix of the alleles in the homologous chromosomes (called recombinant).
- Dr: parental
- dR: parental
- DR: recombinant
- dr: recombinant
To calculate the frequency of each type of gamete, we must use the formula:
Distance (map units) / 100 = frequency of recombination.
18 mu / 100 = 0.18.
The total frequency of recombination between the genes D and R is 0.18, but every time crossing over happens, two recombinant gametes are generated. Therefore, each recombinant gamete will have a frequency of 0.18/2=0.09 = 9%.
The frequency of parental gametes will be:
1 - frequency of recombinant gametes
1 - 0.18 = 0.82
But there are 2 parental gametes, so each of them will have a frequency of 0.82/2=0.41 = 41%.
One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous chromosome. What is this type of chromosomal alteration called <u>translocation.</u>
A chromosomal fragment is translocated when it is moved from one genomic sequence to another. Around two nonhomologous chromosomes, a translocation mechanism takes place in order to permit the interchange of fragments created by chromosomal breakage.
When a segment of one chromosome separates and affixes towards another chromosome, translocation takes place. If there is neither genetic material growth nor loss in the cell, such a form of rearrangement would be referred to as balanced.
To learn more about nonhomologous chromosome here
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