Pathogens are microorganisms - such as bacteria and viruses - that cause disease. Bacteria release toxins and viruses damage our cells. White blood cells can ingest and destroy pathogens. They can produce antibodies to destroy pathogens, and antitoxins to neutralize toxins
"In the early days of germ theory, contagious diseases
were thought to be caused by fungi or bacteria. In the 1890's, Dmitri
Ivanovski filtered extracts from diseased tobacco plants and discovered
that the disease could be transmitted to new plants through the
filtrate. He concluded that the disease was caused by particles smaller
than bacteria; the tobacco mosaic virus", is partially correct. Dmitri
Ivanovski discovered that filtered extracts from diseased tobacco plants
could be transmitted to new plants through the filtrate. However, it
was Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck who, while replicating
Ivanovsky's experiments, proved that the filtrate contained a new
infectious agent. Beijerinck named this agent a virus.
Answer: option C) Pons
Explanation:
Pons, or better still, the pons Varolii is a band of nerve fibers located within the brain stem. While, the brain stem is known to connect the spinal cord(Hind brain) to the fore brain
Thus, Pons extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
The answer is d) organic chemistry
Answer:
abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem like water, air and sunlight.
biotic factors are living ot once-living organisms in the ecosystem like humans and animals
basically biotic is alive and abiotic is not alive
