Answer: I can't see the sentence but detractor means someone who disparages or belittles the worth something.
Answer: Savagely fierce, cruel, or violent.
Example: "The wolverine is nature's most ferocious and violent animal."
One possible theme could be “how a person is affected by growing older”. Shakespeare compares old age to the seasonal shift. The narrator also describes how aging is harsh and ultimately comes to see its inevitability. Hope this helps!
This shows how much Claudius cares about being King and holding onto his throne.
He knows that the public loves Hamlet, which is why he can't just arrest him for the murder of Polonius, he has to be much sneakier and trickier than that, otherwise the public will take Hamlet's side and Claudius will lose support.