The debate during the Gilded Age was between "free-traders" and "protectionists". Generally, people in agriculture prefferred lower tariffs, because it enabled them to more easily export their agricultural products, which there was a surplus of in the US, and provided competition for industrial products, which would keep prices low.
For the opposite reason, people in more industrial areas of the country wanted higher tariffs, or a more protectionist policy, so that the manufacturing sector could continue to develop, and they wouldn't have to compete with foreign manufactured goods.
Answer: The Athenians had also been preparing for war with the Persians since the mid-480s BC, and in 482 BC the decision was taken, under the guidance of the Athenian politician Themistocles, to build a massive fleet of triremes that would be necessary for the Greeks to fight the Persians.
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The aristocracy is your answer :)