Answer;
shortly:-The main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the presence of a nucleus, the size and complexity of the ribosomes, how the cells reproduce and the presence of a cell wall. Ribosomes: In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are bigger, more complex and bound by a membrane
but you need more explanation:-
Eukaryotic organisms are made out of cells that possess membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus. The genetic material of eukaryotic organisms is found within the nucleus of the cell and chromosomes are how the DNA is organized within the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells comprise both single-celled and multicellular forms of life. Eukaryotes compose the bodies of all protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Eukaryotic cells display an impressive amount of diversity, and they are capable of being many different shapes and sizes. The structure of a eukaryotic cell is tied closely to its function. For example, the epithelial cells that make up the human body are usually divided into three different types: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Each of these different cell types has a different form that enables it to carry out its respective functionsEukaryotic cells may have the following parts:
Cell wall (only plant cells)
Plasma membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Vesicles
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm (and cytoskeleton)
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Chloroplasts (only plant cells)
Prokaryotic cells are almost always much smaller than eukaryotic cells. The size of a prokaryotic cell is usually around 1 µm, while the size of animal cells and plant cells are usually between 10 to 100 µm. Because eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells, they have evolved special methods of transporting substances around the cell that bacteria don’t have.
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Eukaryotic organisms are made out of cells that possess membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus. The genetic material of eukaryotic organisms is found within the nucleus of the cell and chromosomes are how the DNA is organized within the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells comprise both single-celled and multicellular forms of life. Eukaryotes compose the bodies of all protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Eukaryotic cells display an impressive amount of diversity, and they are capable of being many different shapes and sizes. The structure of a eukaryotic cell is tied closely to its function. For example, the epithelial cells that make up the human body are usually divided into three different types: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Each of these different cell types has a different form that enables it to carry out its respective functions.
The distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is based upon two theories regarding the role of cells in biology. Cell theory states that all living things are made out of cells, and biogenesis theory proposes that all living cells came from other existing cells, so cells cannot spontaneously arise from non-living things (abiogenesis). For cells to comprise all the life we see on Earth they must be able to organize proteins and other chemical compounds. Individual cells are capable of keeping chemical processes isolated and compartmentalized so one chemical process doesn’t interfere with another chemical process, which runs the risk of disrupting the delicate chemical balance of the cell and leading to cell death.
“A cell is regarded as the true biological atom.” — George Henry Lewes
To keep the chemical processes within a cell isolated and organized, cell components stay enclosed within a membrane that serves as the barrier between the interior of the cell and the cell’s environment. The membrane of a cell is selectively permeable, meaning that the cell will allow some chemical compounds into the cell and not others. The membrane of the cell is made out of a phospholipid bilayer, two groups of lipids arrayed in layers and facing opposite directions. Smaller compounds can penetrate the phospholipid bilayer, but larger compounds must enter the cell using a pore in the cell membrane.
The cell membrane has various methods of regulating how chemicals move in and out of the cell. Diffusion refers to the tendency of molecules at high concentrations to distribute out to areas of lower concentration until the concentrations across the two areas equalize. Osmosis is similar to diffusion, but it refers to the movement of a solvent across a boundary instead of a solute. This helps to equalize a solute that can’t move through a boundary. Selective transport, the movement of molecules within the cell, is handled by both membrane pumps and membrane channels.
