Sumer is the earliest known civilization in the southern-Eastern Mesopotamia region.
During the bronze age, the area was known for the developed of anciest villages, cities and 'city-states'
These cities were called 'city-states' because they were similar to independent countries rather than a collective power.
Each city had their own kings, their own army, economy and laws. They traded with one another and often fought wars but were not a single political entitiy.
That is why they are called city-states.
The Mayan or mythology also but I would go with Mayan since it is a civilization
If we are talking about the revolutionary war, then congress was the leader of the colonies and therefore the army but George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army. Definitely at the beginning and almost all throughout the war the army was in bad shape often not having enough pay to send home to their families and often without proper clothing or food. Many men either ran away from the army or left as soon as their contract was up. The rebel army maintained decently steady numbers and only saw dramatic increases when the French and Spanish joined the war.
