During the medieval era the Catholic Church became a more elaborate heirachy. The pope became an image of of supreme power in Europe. There was also a large population growth. Towns and cities wanted more self control. This caused a political and social struggle.
This struggle caused a huge demand of a more direct experience with Christ. Christ and his apostles became an image of more radical simplicity. The church became made a huge impact in daily life. It served as a spiritual and religious guidance. The church also made an impact into Europe's government.
The Answer is second option (Tombouctou).
Proceed with extreme caution
Im not sure but there is a city in Bulgaria named “Oven”
Answer:
I don't think it was because your room wasn't clean. The main cause of bed bugs is travel, which means most likely you got one on you when you went outside or something, and you accidentally got it into your room. Bed bugs hitchhike on luggage, clothing, people, etc.
If there are blood stains or dark/rusty spots on your bed/pillow, there are definitely bed bugs. The bloodstains/spots come from you crushing the bed bugs accidentally. The place where bed bugs are (in this case, your room), may also begin to smell bad. You might also see eggs laid by the bed bugs.
Let me know if you have any other questions. Good luck!