1. Si, puedo hablar or si, te puedo hablar
2. is correct if the English translation is "I know you well"
3. In many Spanish languages "tome" can mean "drink" or "took, to take" so this would mean I took the record.
4. Looks correct
5. Is not correct, I would need to see the original question.
Los puertoriquenos basicamente son americanos, ya que Puerto Rico es parte de los Estados Unidos.